UpperCamelCase has been replaced with lowerCamelCase for enums and properties

Paul Hudson      @twostraws

Although syntactically irrelevant, the capital letters we use to name classes and structs, properties, enums, and more have always followed a convention fairly closely: classes, structs, and enums use UpperCamelCase (MyStruct, WeatherType.Cloudy), properties and parameter names use lowerCamelCase (emailAddress, requestString).

I say "fairly closely" because there are some exceptions that are going to stop being exceptions in Swift 3: properties and parameters that started with initials in Swift 2.2 will now used lowerCamelCase in Swift 3.

Sometimes this isn't too strange: Swift 2.2 created NSURLRequest objects using NSURLRequest(URL: someURL) – note the capital "URL". Swift 3 rewrites that to URLRequest(url: someURL), and also means you'll use things like webView.request?.url?.absoluteString for reading the URL of a web view.

Where it's a bit more jarring is when only part of the property name is in caps, e.g. CGColor or CIColor. Yes, you've guessed it: they become cgColor and ciColor in Swift 3, so you'll be writing code like this:

let red = UIColor.red.cgColor

This change does help drive consistency: all properties and parameters should start with a lowercase letter, no exceptions.

At the same time enum cases are also changing, moving from UpperCamelCase to lowerCamelCase. This makes sense: an enum is a data type (like a struct), but enum values are closer to properties. However, it does mean that wherever you've used an Apple enum, it will now be lowercase. So:

UIInterfaceOrientationMask.Portrait // old
UIInterfaceOrientationMask.portrait // new

NSTextAlignment.Left // old
NSTextAlignment.left // new

SKBlendMode.Replace // old
SKBlendMode.replace // new

You get the idea. However, this tiny change brings something much bigger because Swift's optionals are actually just an enum under the hood, like this:

enum Optional {
    case None
    case Some(Wrapped)
}

This means if you use .Some to work with optionals, you'll need to switch to .some instead. Of course, you could always take this opportunity to ditch .some entirely – these two pieces of code are identical:

for case let .some(datum) in data {
    print(datum)
}

for case let datum? in data {
    print(datum)
}

Other changes in Swift 3.0…

• All function parameters have labels unless you request otherwise
• Omit needless words
• Swifty importing of C functions
• Verbs and nouns

Download all Swift 3.0 changes as a playground Link to Swift 3.0 changes

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