I receive this error

Publishing changes from background threads is not allowed; make sure to publish values from the main thread (via operators like receive(on:)) on model updates.

When I have my code as such:

@StateObject var lokSettings: LOKSettings         = LOKSettings()

var body: some Scene {

    ContentView()
        .task {
            await startUp()
        }
}

func startUp() async {

    // --- other startup code here ---

    do {
        lokSettings.settings = try await Settings.getLatest() // error here.
    } catch {
        print(error.localizedDescription)
    }
}

but the error does not show up when it's out of startUp() and inside the .task { } like so:

ContentView()
    .task {
        await startUp()
        do {
            lokSettings.settings = try await Settings.getLatest() // NO error here.
        } catch {
            print(error.localizedDescription)
        }
    }

lokSettings.settings is a @Published property inside lokSettings.

Can someone explain to me what the difference is? Aren't I just moving the block of code from one async func to another ?

thanks,

Perfect.

From the links above about the @MainActor

@MainActor is a global actor that uses the main queue for executing its work. In practice, this means methods or types marked with @MainActor can (for the most part) safely modify the UI because it will always be running on the main queue,

and

it’s a good idea to add the @MainActor attribute to all your observable object classes to be absolutely sure all UI updates happen on the main actor. If you need certain methods or computed properties to opt out of running on the main actor, use nonisolated as you would do with a regular actor.

thanks @greenamberred. :)