So, I am watching/reading Paul's view composition session

https://www.hackingwithswift.com/books/ios-swiftui/view-composition

He wrote this to demonstrate how to make small chunks of views and place them in they body view .

struct CapsuleText: View {
    var text: String

    var body: some View {
        Text(text)
            .font(.largeTitle)
            .padding()
            .foregroundColor(.white)
            .background(.blue)
            .clipShape(Capsule())
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        VStack(spacing: 10) {
            CapsuleText(text: "First")
            CapsuleText(text: "Second")
        }
    }
}

And, same thing happened in the session right after the previous one https://www.hackingwithswift.com/books/ios-swiftui/custom-modifiers

Custom modifiers, they are also structs , but they are just directly placed in the body view without initializer.

This is what Paul wrote:

struct Title: ViewModifier {
    func body(content: Content) -> some View {
        content
            .font(.largeTitle)
            .foregroundColor(.white)
            .padding()
            .background(.blue)
            .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 10))
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
     Text("Hello World")
          .modifier(Title())

Again, no initializer.

My question:

struct CapsuleText: View and struct Title: ViewModifier are still struct, shouldn't there be initializer somewhere before it was placed the body view?

All Structs get a free initializer.

See this article for details.

Free Initializers for Structs

Thank you @Obelix, very happy to see you . I was wondering when you will show up !

Yes I know the idea of memberwise initializer, but it seems that everytime in our projects/challenges, Paul is always writing initializers, and it makes me nervous when I don't see one, becuase so many times Xcode warns me "there's no initializer". I am completely lost on when should use memberwise initializer and when to write them ourselves. (Theoritically I know, but when it comes to practice, it is still so confusing)

Initiazlier is becoming my biggest nightmare. It is haunting me everywhere.

Classes need you to write an initializer. You must tell classes, "When you create yourself, here are your initial values. But you must use this initializer to set everything up."

You don't have to write an initializer for a class if you supply default values to all its properties.

This is perfectly fine:

class Thing {
    let name: String = ""
    let address: String = ""
}

let t = Thing()

Every struct has a memberwise initializer so if you had this

struct Thing {
    let name: String
    let address: String
}

then the complier does this automatically

struct Thing {
    let name: String
    let address: String

    init(name: String, address: String) {
        self.name = name
        self.address = address
    }
}

However you can customize the init() which is what Paul sometime does. eg

struct Thing {
    let name: String
    let address: String

    init(name: String) {
        self.name = name
        self.address = "Address"
    }
}

Note If you have a customize initializer you will lose the memberwise initializer

However as @roosterboy says classes must have a initial value or a init()

Thank you boys @Obelix, @roosterboy and @NigelGee

@NigelGee , thanks for the example. So, for Structs, we only write our own initilizer when we want to customerize it.

Got it.