What is trailing closure syntax?

Swift version: 5.10

Paul Hudson    @twostraws    May 28th 2019

Trailing closure syntax is a little piece of syntactic sugar that makes particularly common code more pleasant to read and write. Many functions in iOS accept multiple parameters where the final parameter is a closure. For example, if you've done animation in iOS you'll be familiar with this method:

public class func animate(withDuration: TimeInterval, animations: () -> Void)

That accepts an animation duration as its first parameter, and a closure containing animation instructions as its second.

One way of calling this method is like this:

UIView.animate(withDuration: 1, animations: { [unowned self] in
    self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
})

While that is perfectly valid Swift code, it's harder to read than it ought to be. If a closure is the last parameter to a method, as seen here, Swift allows you write your code like this instead:

UIView.animate(withDuration: 1) { [unowned self] in
    self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
}

That's shorter, and avoids the double closing }) code.

This functionality is available wherever a closure is the final parameter to a function. For testing purposes, we could write a simple one like this:

func greetThenRunClosure(name: String, closure: () -> ()) {
    print("Hello, \(name)!")
    closure()
}

That prints a message, then runs a closure. Because the closure is the final parameter to the function, we can call it using trailing closure syntax like this:

greetThenRunClosure(name: "Paul") {
    print("The closure was run")
}

Sponsor Hacking with Swift and reach the world's largest Swift community!

Available from iOS 7.0

Similar solutions…

• What’s the difference between leading, trailing, left, and right anchors?
• What is a closure?
• What is an escaping closure?
• How to write a closure that returns a value
• What’s the difference between a function and a closure?

About the Swift Knowledge Base

This is part of the Swift Knowledge Base, a free, searchable collection of solutions for common iOS questions.